Artificial Lift

Artificial Lift systems are crucial in optimizing production for horizontal oil and gas wells. As these wells face rapid reservoir pressure decline, increased gas and solids production, high deviation in well geometry, and unstable flow regimes selecting an appropriate artificial lift method becomes paramount. By implementing the right artificial lift system, operators can counter these challenges, maintain consistent flow rates, and maximize hydrocarbon recovery, ensuring sustained and efficient production throughout the well’s operational life. 

The installation of tubing in a well makes it susceptible to wall loss from corrosion and wear. This degradation is influenced by environmental conditions, such as temperature, pressure, corrosiveness, and flow rates, along with operating factors like the type of artificial lift and well deviation. Periodic evaluation of tubing condition throughout the well's operational life, using non-destructive testing (NDT) methods, is a recognized best practice.

OBJECTIVES/SCOPE: 
Cleaning out a lateral is a powerful tool for restoring production in mature wells, but sometimes the hydraulics will not allow circulation with fresh water. An interesting technique for cleaning out such laterals has been field tested in the Delaware Basin, and it has potential application in many basins. As laterals age, a proper cleanout using this new method can restore production after a frac hit, prepare it for a refrac or for spotting acid across the lateral, run casing patches, clean out the top of a fish, and numerous other applications.

After deep analysis of gas separation methods and understanding the nature of fluid and gas flow, a new design is developed to generate better downhole conditions and enhance gas separation efficiency. A study of legacy downhole gas separators using a substantial database of horizontals wells across the Delaware and Midland basins demonstrated a decrease in gas separation efficiency with an increase in GLRs and fluid rates. The development of this new methodology breaks the curve, not following the typical relationship of gas rates and gas separation efficiency.

In less than 9 years, High Pressure/Single Point Gas Lift has grown from 0 to about 3000 applications in unconventional wells and its use continues to expand with trailer mounted units to unload frac hits and applications later in the well life.

This paper presents examples of these expanding applications including case histories on unloading frac hits and shows how/why this very simple "new" technology grew from one person's idea to wide spread/ expanding adoption in a relatively short time.

This paper introduces a technology for handling solids above the discharge of the ESP pump that increases the run time of the well and prevents premature failure due to plugging or damage to the pump parts thus contributing to the reduction of carbon emissions and environmental impact. Additionally, the new technology was engineered to allow fluid injection through the tubing and its components can be dissembled after pulling it, providing the production engineers with valuable information about the downhole conditions.

A discussion of Rod Lift VSD control parameters, setup, and configuration for optimal operation under varying operating conditions
History shows that many operators utilize only the most basic control parameters when setting up VSDs for rod lift applications. This paper will discuss the VSD and Rod Pump Control parameters necessary for safe, reliable, and efficient rod lift control.    

The most common form of artificial lift is sucker-rod pumping. One of the main elements of rod lift system design is the selection of a downhole pump. This study examines the various factors that affect the selection and design of downhole rod pumps. This paper will examine the following five downhole pump components: barrel, plunger, cages, balls and seats, and seating assembly. Understanding the various well and system design factors that are examined when selecting each of these components is a crucial part in the design of the downhole pump.

The Greater Elk Hills Area boasts a substantial continuous rod population, introduced to the field due to loading requirements and casing restrictions. However, the existing continuous rod population is now comprised of older worn rod strings, with many of these strings exceeding ten years of service. These rod strings commonly require sections of rod replaced when they are pulled during service operations, highlighting the need for a precise and reliable inspection method.  

With the use of mechanical long stroke units having stroke lengths of 291–416 inches, converting to rod lift is being done sooner. Rates of 400-900 bfpd are being achieved in wells as deep as 10000 feet TVD. This helps to eliminate running multiple ESPs to draw down a well into the 400-500 bfpd range. This presentation will discuss the history and demand of long stroke pumping units in the market today, challenges operators are facing using other forms of artificial lift in this specific volume range, as well as discuss case studies and real results about the mentioned wells.