Artificial Lift

Contemporary lift strategy for a newly completed well generally includes a period of unassisted flow followed by an Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) system - up to half a dozen in certain situations. This is followed by one of a multitude of artificial lift options often culminating in a rod lift strategy for low-production to end of life. Ignoring entirely the financial component of these decisions, among the primary drivers of lift type selection is maximum uplift capability – an area in which rod lift has seen significant investment and improvement in recent years.

Lessons Learned with Jet Pumps in a Low Pressure Gassy and Sandy Reservoir with High Deviation The jet pump is said to be a flexible tool adaptable to produce where other artificial lift methods have shortcomings: however, it too requires special considerations in search of economics and life cycle optimization. This report reviews design and equipment upgrades to the jet pump system with solutions and continued shortcomings after one year of operation.

Carbon fiber sucker rods were first installed in wells in 2015, and significant material and design improvements have been made since. Originally developed to rod pump the deepest wells with small-diameter tubing, high-strength, light-weight carbon fiber rods are optimal for rod pumping through the build section in pad-drilled wells. This paper will show how carbon fiber rods reduce friction and side-wall loads through wellbore deviations, and enable higher ESP-like rates of production when operated with long stroke beam pumping units.
 

This paper proposes an analytical methodology that consists of an evaluation of the particle size distribution, viability for the use of sand screens and centrifugal separation systems for sand control management in wells with high sand and fluid production producing through an ESP. All the technical considerations are explained focusing on the information required and the parameters analyzed to recommend the most accurate design for sand control; selected approaches and models that have been developed to improve the runtime due to sand issues.

Gas production is one of the main problems on ESP systems; causing premature failures and low efficiency, these are the reasons why many companies have developed a number of solutions to separate gas before reaches the pump. To solve this problem a New Downhole Gas Regulator has been developed in order to avoid large amounts of free gas flowing directly into the pump intake. This system regulates the amount of gas ingested by the pump so it will make easier for the pump stages to lift a fluid with a higher density (Less amount of gas in the multiphase flow).

Horizontal Unconventional declines have a rapidly declining hyperbolic decline section and a slower declining exponential decline section. Rapidly changing production volumes from the decline curve and more rapid changes from slugging gas as a result of undulations in the horizontal leg plus sand from massive frac jobs result in challenges in artificial lift selection. This paper will explore these challenges.

This paper discusses the principal of ball lifting systems (Lizard) for oil and gas wells and its possible applications. Typical applications are: 1. Acts as moving standing valve to minimize dry runs while reducing tubing wear. 2. Will continually operate in transition area; Lizard will move the to transition flow area to deliver ball to lifting sleeve, unloading wells and work itself to the bottom. 3. Increase lifting depth from 40 degrees to 75 degrees. 4. Stop yo-yo effect between two-piece plungers.

Harmonic Mitigation Challenges in Unconventional ESP Applications 1. OBJECTIVES/SCOPE: Modern oil field producers face increasing pressure from utilities regarding harmonic compliance, and harmonic-related penalties can be severe. A more effective approach for mitigating VSD-induced power harmonics is presented, in which the unique electrical requirements of unconventional ESP applications are considered.

A process for modeling multivariate Electric Submersible Pump data in a central host system is proposed in to support managing fields by exception by using artificial intelligence models to identify failure modes and operating conditions. The AI model enables operators to immediately identify failure modes and operational conditions, as it is continuously analyzing, facilitating quicker decision making. It also increases the number of wells an operator can effectively manage, and can be used as an educational tool, empowering users to interpret complex ESP trends.

Corrosion and fatigue are the primary causes of sucker rod failures in artificial lift systems. Harsh well fluid conditions lead to material loss and detrimental pitting which then lead to initiation points for fatigue fractures to occur.

Production in aggressive service environments with higher acid gas concentrations associated with increased levels of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2) requires good fatigue life associated with corrosion resistance.