Paper: Foam-Fracturing Application And History

Foam has been used successfully as a fracturing fluid as previously described by Blauer and Kohlhaas." They presented analytical measurements of fluid-loss coefficients and sand settling rates. Other investigator.9lo have discussed use of foam in other oilfield applications. Blauer, Mitchell and Kohlhaas" have reported rheological properties of foam. The physical structure of aqueous foams used for fracturing is used to explain foam viscosity and sand-supporting properties. Figures are presented comparing fluid-loss coefficients, sand-settling ratios, and fracture areas for foam and other common fracturing fluids used in West Texas. Chemical compatibility of foaming surfactants with formation fluids and fracturing-fluid additives is discussed. Core flow data and case histories show foam can be used to stimulate formations in the West Texas area.