Paper: Water Injection Problems in Waterflood Operation

Before discussing the various types of problems which arise when water is injected during waterflood operations, it is advisable to define the term "satisfactory intake rate". This is not as easy to define as it might seem, and a clear definition which will fit all cases is not possible. Early in a waterflood operation (first few months), the water injection rate at a given injection well may be considered satisfactory if the rate is two or three times greater than the injection rate at the same well a year later, even though in each case the pressure applied at the well head is exactly the same.