Paper: Functions of Middle Management

We have seen many changes throughout the years in the manner in which oil companies have been organized and managed. There have been the hard, tough, rough-and-tumble days of the wildcatter and the gusher, and there has been what we like to think of as the days of "enlightened" management of Wall Street and the operating management at the well head. Changes have occurred in which additional layers of supervision have been added and subtracted, offices made large and small, and people hired or "retired"