The Economic Impact of Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) Drilling Bits
Presenters: Kirk Williamson, DiaDrill Inc.

Since the perfection of a process for producing artificial or manufactured diamonds in 1955, attempts have been made to adapt their use for stone cutting. The original stones were commercially applied to manufacturing processes for grinding and polishing as they did not exhibit resistance to abrasion sufficient for stone cutting. Additional improvements in manufactured diamonds have resulted in a high enough abrasion resistance to utilize them in stone and masonry cutting applications. Drill bits utilizing natural diamonds have individual stones as the cutting element. Manufactured diamonds are of such a small size as to make the use of individual stones as cutters impractical. The introduction in the early 1970's of a polycrystalline aggregate of manufactured diamonds produced a cutting element that became practical for use in drill bits. Laboratory and field tests began on drill bits with P.D.C. cutting structures in 1973. Continual efforts have been made since that time to produce a drill bit that is economically feasible for use in petroleum drilling operations.

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Paper: The Economic Impact of Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) Drilling Bits
Paper: The Economic Impact of Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) Drilling Bits
Price
$7.50
The Economical Use of Plastic Pipe for Corrosion Control
Presenters: M.L. Chester, Drilling Specialties Company

This paper presents what one pipeline company is doing in the automation of its operations in the West Texas gathering area and on its mainline systems. It will cover briefly the automation in its gathering system and a possible future operation. The mainline systems will be discussed covering the controls of both electric and gas operated pump stations and the telemetering equipment now used.

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Paper: The Economical Use of Plastic Pipe for Corrosion Control
Paper: The Economical Use of Plastic Pipe for Corrosion Control
Price
$7.50
The Effect of An Atomic Blast On Electric Facilities
Presenters: Arlie C. Hudson, Southwestern Public Service Co.

Electricity has become an essential commodity in the life and economy of the American people. In the home, it is used for illumination, refrigeration, cooking, cleaning, water heating, washing, ironing, for entertainment, and to an ever increasing degree for cooling and heating. Even more important is the indispensible part it plays in turning the wheels of industry and in supplying the power required for our national defense. Yes in industry

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Paper: The Effect of An Atomic Blast On Electric Facilities
Paper: The Effect of An Atomic Blast On Electric Facilities
Price
$7.50
The Effect Of Fluid pH On Clays And Resulting Formation Permeability
Presenters: Gerald R. Coulter & Wayne Hower, Halliburton Services

Clays are present in a majority of hydrocarbon-bearing formations and their presence can cause many problems in the production of oil and gas. The difficulties that are encountered are complicated by the fact that clay composition and location in the rock can vary extensively. In reality, the presence of clays in any part of the drilled hole can present a variety of problems in all phases of the life of the well. There are shales that show a high degree of deterioration when contacted by the common types of water-base drilling fluids. Fluid loss from cement slurries and certain water-base stimulation fluids are another source of potential damage to permeability. Clays may be found in all types of rock. Formations made up of such rocks have been called water sensitive and may be defined as formations where a reduction in effective permeability is noted when a foreign water invades the formation. Normally, sandstone formations exhibit the greatest degree of water sensitivity. Clays may also be present in carbonate rocks but are frequently encapsulated in the rock matrix. Thus, they are not in a position to be contacted by the invading fluids. Permeability damage is primarily caused by migration of clays and other fines with fluid flow. High pH fluids, particularly those with low salt content, can cause dispersion of clays which increases their possibility of migrating. Subsequent bridging of particles at flow restrictions in the rock flow channels causes a plugging action which results in a permeability reduction. This overall effect is primarily found during the flow of water.

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Paper: The Effect Of Fluid pH On Clays And Resulting Formation Permeability
Paper: The Effect Of Fluid pH On Clays And Resulting Formation Permeability
Price
$7.50
THE EFFECTIVE OF PROPERLY SHOT PEENING SUCKER RODS AND EFFECT ON FATIGUE LIFE
Presenters: Norman W. Hein, Jr NPS

Shot peening has long been used in many applications to provide increased fatigue performance. This paper will provide a short summary of surface treating processes including details related to shot peening. Additionally, presented is information related to special process controls developed by a sucker rod manufacturer and trade marked "NOR-PEENING."

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Paper: THE EFFECTIVE OF PROPERLY SHOT PEENING SUCKER RODS AND EFFECT ON FATIGUE LIFE
Paper: THE EFFECTIVE OF PROPERLY SHOT PEENING SUCKER RODS AND EFFECT ON FATIGUE LIFE
Price
$7.50
The Effectiveness of a Special Class III Lever System Applied to Sucker Rod Pumping
Presenters: J.P. Byrd, Lufkin Foundry & Machine Company

In the mid-1950"s, the Mark II, a new, rotary counterbalanced, sucker rod type pumping unit was developed, employing a special Class III geometry and phased counterweights. This paper reviews some of the basic functional goals envisioned for this unit by its designers, and the degree to which they have been realized. Also discussed are several functional categories involved in sucker rod pumping and the influence the unit's unique geometry has upon each of them.

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Paper: The Effectiveness of a Special Class III Lever System Applied to Sucker Rod Pumping
Paper: The Effectiveness of a Special Class III Lever System Applied to Sucker Rod Pumping
Price
$7.50
The Effects of Power Supply Integrity On Electric Submergible Pumping Systems
Presenters: R.E. Stewart, TRW Reda Pump Division

Little has been written regarding the effects of electric power integrity on submergible pumping systems. The remoteness of a site and/or the economics of the distribution system can result in power which affects equipment life and efficiency. Other installed electric devices or systems can also impact the quality of supply. The purpose of this paper is not to condemn the circumstances which lead to deficient power supply situations, but rather to address their effects and discuss practical means of correcting or minimizing their effects.

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Paper: The Effects of Power Supply Integrity On Electric Submergible Pumping Systems
Paper: The Effects of Power Supply Integrity On Electric Submergible Pumping Systems
Price
$7.50
The Effects of Pressure On The Set Properties Of Cements With Various Additives
Presenters: Arthur Metcalf & Thomas Dresher, Dowell Division of Dow Chemical

Limited information is available on the effects of pressure on the set properties of cements with respect to commonly used additives. This report presents compressive strength data on cement systems cured at temperatures of 170F 10 260F and at pressures of 3,000 to 10,200 psi. Of the cement systems studied, those designed, for a specific, bottom-hole static temperature (BHST) show little change in compressive strength with increased curing pressure at BHST. However, some systems, cured at temperatures lower than BHST, gave increased or decreased compressive strength with increased curing pressure. The use of" curing pressures that simulate more closely the pressures actually found in oil or gas wells gives a better understanding of additive performance and a more realistic waiting on cement (WOC) time for cement systems.

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Paper: The Effects of Pressure On The Set Properties Of Cements With Various Additives
Paper: The Effects of Pressure On The Set Properties Of Cements With Various Additives
Price
$7.50
The Efficiencies of Using Coiled Tubing and Downhole Drilling Motors for Small Diameter Wellbore Clean Out Operations
Presenters: Naji H. Soas, Downhole Injection Systems, Tim Dame, Basic Energy Services, Darren Seglem, Sloan Petroleum Inc.

Sloan Petroleum, the operator, had previously attempted to remove intermittent plugs of salt and sand from the non-producing wellbore of a gas well completed through 2 7/8" tubing at 2800 feet. Unsuccessful clean out efforts were made by conventional methods, first by fresh water circulation and then by wireline impacting tools. The operator also considered using reverse equipment and small diameter drill pipe but the cost was prohibitive. The problem was solved by drilling the obstructions with 1 _" coiled tubing, a 1

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Paper: The Efficiencies of Using Coiled Tubing and Downhole Drilling Motors for Small Diameter Wellbore Clean Out Operations
Paper: The Efficiencies of Using Coiled Tubing and Downhole Drilling Motors for Small Diameter Wellbore Clean Out Operations
Price
$7.50
The Engineering Computer Toolbox
Presenters: Donald R. Craig, Damson Oil Corp.

Today in this environment of uncertain oil price and the drive to become more cost effective, a Petroleum Engineer must have all the help possible to work smarter and more efficiently. To this end, many excellent software packages devoted to such specific disciplines such Reservoir Engineering, Project Economics, sophisticated drafting programs, and varied programs to calculate everything from bottomhole pressure to pumping unit design have been created. However how does an engineer handle the much more mundane tasks that beset him everyday that these specific packages weren't designed for? In order to effectively and efficiently manage these varied tasks, a "Computer Toolbox" of off the shelf "generic" software needs to be utilized.

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Paper: The Engineering Computer Toolbox
Paper: The Engineering Computer Toolbox
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$7.50
The Equalizer A New Concept In Downhole Drilling Tools
Presenters: H.A. "Gus" Hicks, Technical Drilling Tools, Inc.

The Equalizer is a totally new concept in downhole drilling string accessories. The principle of the device is much like that of a hydraulic jack as it acts as a resilient coupling between the drill string and the rock bit. Unlike spring loaded shock subs, the tool does not store energy. A series of hydraulic pistons is energized by the pressure drop generated across the jet nozzles of a rock bit by the surface mud pressure system. The mud system pressure drop is then internally utilized by the tool to provide a fluid coupling or "fluid cushion" between the bit and the drill string. At the same time, a constant weight is being transmitted to the bit. The tool has increased bit life and penetration rates, while substantially reducing shock damage to drill string components.

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Paper: The Equalizer A New Concept In Downhole Drilling Tools
Paper: The Equalizer A New Concept In Downhole Drilling Tools
Price
$7.50
THE ESPCP PROJECT
Presenters: Kent Cozzens, John Beardon & Steve Tetzlaff, Centrilift A Baker Hughes Company

In 1992 the US market began to focus on the efficiency and solids handling capabilities of the Conventional Progressive Cavity Pump System (PCP). The Canadian Market. during this time frame. had already installed approximately 4000 of these units replacing conventional rod pump units. Because of the simple design and commonalties with the Rod pump conversions were made easy. (Please see figure 1. I) As the PCP

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Paper: THE ESPCP PROJECT
Paper: THE ESPCP PROJECT
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$7.50
The Essentials Of Essential Energy Consumption
Presenters: Harry Parker, Texas Tech University

Most energy professionals must focus on a specific activity. For example, you the attendees at this Southwestern Petroleum Short Course focus on petroleum production in this region of Texas. Energy professionals also have a both personal and professional responsibility to objectively share information regarding the broad aspects of energy utilization - "The Essentials of Essential Energy Utilization" the title of this paper. This information should be provided our legislative representatives, although many local representatives have a realistic understanding regarding energy matters. A more difficult task is to provide factual energy related information to misinformed persons. A combination of wishful thinking, and false information makes these persons very difficult to approach regarding energy matters. A major purpose of this paper is to provide you a context in which energy matters may be discussed.

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Paper: The Essentials Of Essential Energy Consumption
Paper: The Essentials Of Essential Energy Consumption
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$7.50
The Evolution of Completion Techniques in Carbonate Reservoirs Containing Vertical Fractures
Presenters: Edgar N. Teutsch, Gulf Oil Corporation

Well completion, in the Permian Series of West Texas, is complicated in many instances because of: 1) poor knowledge of reservoir rock, 2) improper log analysis and 3) misinterpretation of core analysis. The first completions were almost exclusively from open hole sections; however, as the years went by the need for stimulation became apparent and several methods were employed

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Paper: The Evolution of Completion Techniques in Carbonate Reservoirs Containing Vertical Fractures
Paper: The Evolution of Completion Techniques in Carbonate Reservoirs Containing Vertical Fractures
Price
$7.50
THE EXTRACTION STUCK OIL FIELD TUBULARS USING SURFACE RESONANT VIBRATORY TECHNIQUES
Presenters: Ozzie Gonzalez and Henry Bernat, Vibration Technology, Inc.

Stuck pipe has been identified as the largest single contributor to non-productive drilling time. The use of resonant vibration as a means of freeing stuck tubulars from a well bore has been demonstrated to be effective in both Drilling and Workover environments and has the potential to provide almost immediate results in many day-to-day applications. The challenge for the future is to further explore both proven and potential applications of this technology in order to evaluate the benefits and reduce the unknown associated with the technology. The long term industry benefit will be a different approach to stuck tubular recovery available in the form of superior technology that addresses real needs while substantially reducing costs. The technology offers the benefits of being quick and easy to apply, operations are conducted from surface with no downhole intervention, and results may be achieved very quickly. Demonstrated successes in both cased and open hole applications has prompted the industry to embrace the technology as a viable and often preferred means of stuck pipe recovery.

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Paper: THE EXTRACTION STUCK OIL FIELD TUBULARS USING SURFACE RESONANT VIBRATORY TECHNIQUES
Paper: THE EXTRACTION STUCK OIL FIELD TUBULARS USING SURFACE RESONANT VIBRATORY TECHNIQUES
Price
$7.50
The Flexite Pumping and Its Application To Deep Well Pumping
Presenters: L.E. Johnson, Harbison-Fischer Manufacturing Co.

The materials and the workmanship for the present day oil well requirements have changed greatly from those 20 to 30 years ago. Both the materials and the workmanship have been improved to meet the requirements presented to us in deep well pumping.

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Paper: The Flexite Pumping and Its Application To Deep Well Pumping
Paper: The Flexite Pumping and Its Application To Deep Well Pumping
Price
$7.50
The Functional Effectiveness of Fiberglass Sucker Rods
Presenters: Alan Hicks

A number of major oil companies have begun -field tests of the lightweight, non-corrosive fiberglass sucker rods, The tests were generally made using steel sucker rods in a well for a specific time period and replacing the steel rod string with one designed with fiberglass rods. Specific detailed records were kept on these "before and after" studies by most companies. Other companies employed an independent testing firm to provide test results, This paper will compare steel sucker rods with two brands of fiberglass sucker rods manufactured by Company A and Company B. The wells in this study are divided into groups of similar depths with comparable fluid levels, pumping units and bottom-hole pumps. Four standards were developed to compare and evaluate sucker rod performance. 1. Equipment loading 2. Energy consumption 3. Fluid production 4. Failure frequency Each of these four standards was studied in depth in similar wells to compare each group of sucker rods.

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Paper: The Functional Effectiveness of Fiberglass Sucker Rods
Paper: The Functional Effectiveness of Fiberglass Sucker Rods
Price
$7.50
The Fundamentals of Gas Lift
Presenters: B.J. Rhoads, Jr., Odex Engineering and Equipment Co.

The practice of lifting fluid from subsurface levels with gas pressure is not new; it has been in use for many years and is now recognized as a major method of artificial lift in petroleum production. Until recent years a detailed study of gas lift operating principles was relatively unimportant because of the low value of natural gas. With increasing gas value a study of the principles became imperative. This study has led to much advancement in development of the practice, principles and equipment.

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Paper: The Fundamentals of Gas Lift
Paper: The Fundamentals of Gas Lift
Price
$7.50
The Fundamentals of Gas Volume Flow Measurement
Presenters: James T. Rodgers, Texas Tech College

The application of correct methods for determining the effect of pressure and temperature on the behavior of natural gas is essential in projects involving gas measurement. The gas compressibility factor may be neglected in gas calculations only at low pressures and high temperatures. This paper presents the basic equations, with example solutions, for determining the gas compressibility factor, the volumes occupied by a gas at different pressures and temperatures, and the flow of gas through pipelines as measured with an orifice meter.

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Paper: The Fundamentals of Gas Volume Flow Measurement
Paper: The Fundamentals of Gas Volume Flow Measurement
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$7.50
The Handling of Produced Salt Water for Injection
Presenters: H.L. Bilhartz, Production Profits, Inc.

Since the beginning of oil production, salt water handling has presented problems. However, recent years have brought about significant changes in attitudes and approaches to gathering, pumping and injecting large volumes of salt water. Political implication, landowner relations. And regulatory decrees have demanded increased controls on salt water disposal. The lack of, or inhibited use of, fresh water have forced greater dependence on salt water sources for waterflood. In combination, these factors have created new concepts. Water handling is no longer regarded as a side-line necessity. It is often a controlling factor in profitable oil producing operations. Efforts are constantly being directed to finding better and cheaper ways to handle large salt water volumes. New technology has joined old experiences in overcoming serious problems. This paper reviews some of the primary problems and presents methods of approach toward their solution. Caution and danger conditions are discussed. Symptom signals and control measures are described. Emphasis is placed on the systematic acquisition of appropriate data. A simplified chemical material balance concept, utilizing standardized data presentation techniques, is suggested as a way for the production engineer to derive a quantitative expression of "water quality".

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Paper: The Handling of Produced Salt Water for Injection
Paper: The Handling of Produced Salt Water for Injection
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$7.50
The Identification of Natural Fractures and Their Orientations In The SpraberryDean Formations In West Texas
Presenters: Martin L. Wallace, Halliburton Logging Services

Recent improvements in the Borehole Televiewer logging field have enabled oil operators to determine the presence of natural fractures and their orientations in the Spraberry and Dean Formations. Running modern open hole logs over the Spraberry and Dean zones is rarely done when these zones are the primary target zone of a well. However, the need for determining the natural fracture direction is important to the oil operator so he can optimize his offset locations with respect to the trend of the natural fracture system. Defining the trend of the fracture system is particularly important since many Spraberry/Dean wells are drilled on 40 acre spacing and are candidates for waterflood projects in many areas. The following examples document the utility of the Borehole Televiewer in both evaluating the subject formations for hydrocarbon production and optimizing the hydraulic fracture stimulation design for achieving maximum oil production.

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Paper: The Identification of Natural Fractures and Their Orientations In The SpraberryDean Formations In West Texas
Paper: The Identification of Natural Fractures and Their Orientations In The SpraberryDean Formations In West Texas
Price
$7.50
The Impact of Natural Fractures in Hydraulic Fracturing of Tight Gas Sands
Presenters: James L. Rodgerson BJ Services

The presence of natural fractures in hydraulic fracturing candidates can present an array of well completion
problems. Natural fractures can be very difficult if not impossible to model without adequate pre-job diagnostic
testing to calibrate simulation. Left undetected natural fractures can cause premature screen-out as well as gel damage. In tight gas sand formations, natural fractures can be the predominate production mechanism in the reservoir. If polymer residue is left in the natural fractures after drilling, stimulation or work-over, a substantial amount of potential production may be left behind. Often this type of damage may be documented by the sheer fact that production may decrease after these types of operations.mTechniques have been perfected to determine the impact on leakoff due to natural fractures. In many cases production may exceed the predictive capability of production simulators without the introduction of permeability numbers that might be considered high for that area. This could lead one to believe that some portion of the production is dominated by natural fractures. A better understanding this type of leakoff could help in the development of methods to predict production results or economics of a well based on pre-job testing. It is the intention of this paper to discuss methodology to predict the presence of natural fractures and show key considerations when trying to simulate their behavior. This paper will also investigate damage mechanisms and describe methods that may be used to help minimize their impact.

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Paper: The Impact of Natural Fractures in Hydraulic Fracturing of Tight Gas Sands
Paper: The Impact of Natural Fractures in Hydraulic Fracturing of Tight Gas Sands
Price
$7.50
The Impact of State Taxes On The Oil Gas Industry
Presenters: Haskell G. Taylor, Texas Technological College

This paper deals with the various kinds of taxes, other than income, which affect the oil industry. The material is directed to first level supervisors and engineers who are concerned with taxation problems in the industry.

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Paper: The Impact of State Taxes On The Oil Gas Industry
Paper: The Impact of State Taxes On The Oil Gas Industry
Price
$7.50
The Importance of Compression Ratio For Pumping Gassy Wells
Presenters: Robert M. Parker, Texaco E&P

A true gas lock is really just a pocket of gas trapped between the standing valve and the traveling valve. It has enough pressure when the pump is extended (on the upstroke) to keep the standing valve from opening and admitting new fluid. But does not compress tightly enough when the pump is closed (on the downstroke) to lift the traveling valve off its seat. Since coming to the oilfield in 1975 I have seen, and dealt with a great number of sucker rod pumps that appeared to be gas-locked. I have also inspected, and listened to the sales pitch for, many devices that the inventors claim will solve this problem once and for all. I have had the opportunity to evaluate several of these "gadgets" in the field and found them wanting. Most often the devices fail prematurely, and several had no discernible effect. The claims for others bordered on the absurd. Yet, these devices persist and I have seen at least three inventors and or salesmen in the last six months. At least two of the ideas have merit, although not necessarily for the reasons that the inventors' claim. As a well technician for Texaco I have been involved in the company

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Paper: The Importance of Compression Ratio For Pumping Gassy Wells
Paper: The Importance of Compression Ratio For Pumping Gassy Wells
Price
$7.50
The Industrial Supervisor
Presenters: F.L. Mize, Texas Tech College

Supervisor is a vital function in the modern organization. It is the link between decision and action and both are ineffective without it. Therefore, the supervisor is the "man in the middle" with responsibilities to the management and to his men. His position and authority in the organization should be carefully defined and his duties, responsibilities and rights clearly understood. What is a supervisor and what should he do?

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Paper: The Industrial Supervisor
Paper: The Industrial Supervisor
Price
$7.50

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NEXT CONFERENCE: APRIL 15-18, 2024